Nalane ea limmete tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e bakeng sa li-motor

Lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše (magnets a sa feleng a lefatshe) are 17 metallic elements in the middle of the periodic table (atomic numbers 21, 39, and 57-71) that have unusual fluorescent, conductive, and magnetic properties that make them incompatible with more common metals such as Iron) is very useful when alloyed or mixed in small amounts. Geologically speaking, rare earth elements are not particularly rare. Deposits of these metals are found in many parts of the world, and some elements are present in roughly the same amount as copper or tin. However, rare earth elements have never been found in very high concentrations and are often mixed with each other or with radioactive elements such as uranium. The chemical properties of rare earth elements make it difficult to separate from surrounding materials, and these properties also make They are difficult to purify. Current production methods require large amounts of ore and generate large amounts of hazardous waste to extract only small amounts of rare earth metals, with waste from processing methods including radioactive water, toxic fluorine and acids.

Limanete tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tse ileng tsa sibolloa e ne e le liminerale tse fanang ka matla a khoheli a tsitsitseng. Ho fihlela mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, limakete li ne li senyeha habonolo, li sa tsitsa, li entsoe ka tšepe ea carbon. Ka 1917, Japane e ile ea fumana tšepe ea cobalt magnet, e ileng ea ntlafatsa. Ts'ebetso ea limakete tse sa feleng e tsoetse pele ho ntlafala ho tloha ha li sibolloa. Bakeng sa Alnicos (Al/Ni/Co alloys) lilemong tsa bo-1930, phetoho ena e ile ea bonahatsoa ka palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea sehlahisoa sa matla (BH) max, se ileng sa ntlafatsa haholo boleng ba limatlase tse sa feleng, le bakeng sa palo e fanoeng ea limakete, boholo ba matla a matla bo ka fetoleloa ho matla a ka sebelisoang mecheng e sebelisang makenete.

Makenete oa pele oa ferrite o ile oa fumanoa ka phoso ka 1950 ka laboratoring ea fisiks ea Philips Industrial Research naheng ea Netherlands. Mothusi o ile a e kopanya ka phoso - o ne a lokela ho lokisa sampole e 'ngoe ho ithuta e le thepa ea semiconductor. Ho ile ha fumanoa hore e ne e hlile e le magnetic, kahoo e ile ea fetisetsoa ho sehlopha sa lipatlisiso tsa makenete. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e ntle joalo ka makenete le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso. Ka hona, e ne e le sehlahisoa se entsoeng ke Philips se tšoaeang tšimoloho ea keketseho e potlakileng ea tšebeliso ea limatlase tse sa feleng.

Lilemong tsa bo-1960, limakete tsa pele tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše(magnets a sa feleng a lefatshe)li entsoe ka li-alloys tsa lanthanide element, yttrium. Ke limakete tse matla ka ho fetesisa tse nang le mabone a phahameng a saturation le khanyetso e ntle ea demagnetization. Le hoja li theko e boima, li fokola ebile li sa sebetse hantle ha mocheso o le holimo, li qala ho laola 'maraka ha likopo tsa tsona li ntse li sebetsa haholoanyane. Beng ba likhomphutha tsa botho bo ile ba ata haholo lilemong tsa bo-1980, ho neng ho bolela tlhokahalo e phahameng ea limatlase tse sa feleng bakeng sa li-hard drive.

Li-alloys tse kang samarium-cobalt li ile tsa ntlafatsoa bohareng ba bo-1960 ka moloko oa pele oa litšepe tsa phetoho le lefats'e le sa tloaelehang, 'me ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1970, theko ea cobalt e ile ea phahama haholo ka lebaka la thepa e sa tsitsang ea Congo. Ka nako eo, limakenete tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa samarium-cobalt (BH) max e ne e le tsona tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa mme sechaba sa lipatlisiso se ne se tlameha ho nkela limakete tsena sebaka. Lilemo tse 'maloa hamorao, ka 1984, nts'etsopele ea limakete tse sa feleng tse thehiloeng ho Nd-Fe-B e ile ea hlahisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ke Sagawa et al. Ho sebelisa theknoloji ea phofo ea metallurgy ho Sumitomo Special Metals, ho sebelisa ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha ho tsoa ho General Motors. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se ka tlase, (BH) max e ntlafetse ho feta lilemo tse ka bang lekholo, ho qala ho ≈1 MGOe bakeng sa tšepe le ho fihla ho hoo e ka bang 56 MGOe bakeng sa makenete a NdFeB lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng.

Ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea liindasteri haufinyane e fetohile ntho e tlang pele, 'me likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, tse amoheloang ke linaha e le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ka lebaka la kotsi ea tsona e phahameng ea phepelo le bohlokoa ba moruo, li butse libaka tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka limakete tse ncha tse sa tloaelehang tse se nang lefatše. Tataiso e 'ngoe e ka bang teng ea lipatlisiso ke ho hetla morao ho limakenete tsa khale tse tsoetseng pele, le ho li ithuta ho ea pele u sebelisa lisebelisoa le mekhoa e mecha e fumanehang lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena. Mekhatlo e 'maloa e se e ntse e sebetsa mererong e mecha ea lipatlisiso e nang le tšepo ea ho nkela limakete tse sa tloaelehang sebaka ka mekhoa e meng e tala, e sebetsang haholoanyane.